八、如何陈述研究目的

Stating the purpose:

1. Part of the aim of this project is to develop software that is compatible with X operating system.

2. The main purpose of this study is to develop an understanding of ….

3. There are two primary aims of this study: 1. To investigate …. 2. To ascertain ….

4. The aim of this research project has therefore been to try and establish what ….

5. The aim of this study is to investigate the differences between …

6. The main aim of this investigation is to assess the doses and risks associated with ….

7. This thesis intends to determine the extent to which …. and whether ….

8. This thesis will examine the way in which the ….

9. This research examines the emerging role of X in the context of ….

10. This dissertation seeks to explain the development of ….

11. This case study seeks to examine the changing nature of …

12. Drawing upon two stands of research into X, this study attempts to …

13. The aim of this study is to shine new light on these debates through an examination of …

14. The major objective of this study was to investigate …

15. One purpose of this study was to assess the extent to which these factors were …

16. The objectives of this research are to determine …

17. This study therefore set out to assess the effect of management by …., and the effect of …

18. This study systematically reviews the data for…., aiming to provide clarity surrounding the role of …

九、如何提出研究问题或假设

Research questions or hypotheses:

1. The central question in this dissertation asks how ….

2. In particular, this dissertation will examine six main research questions:

3. The hypothesis that will be tested is that ….

4. The key research question of this study was thus whether or not ….

5. This study aimed to address the following research questions:

6. Another question is whether ….

十、如何介绍研究方法及数据来源

Synopsis of the method/sources of data:

1. This dissertation follows a case-study design, with in-depth analysis of ….

2. This study was exploratory and interpretative in nature.

3. The approach to empirical research adopted for this study was one of a qualitative, semi-structured interview methodology.

4. By employing qualitative modes of enquiry, I attempt to illuminate the ….

5. This work takes the form of a case-study of the ….

6. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used in this investigation.

7. Qualitative and quantitative research designs were adopted to provide both descriptive, interpretive and empirical data.

8. A holistic approach is utilised, integrating literary, humanistic and archaeological material to establish ….

9. The research data in this thesis is drawn from four main sources: ….

10. The study was conducted in the form of a survey, with data being gathered via ….

11. Five works will be examined, all of which ….

十一、如何阐述研究的局限性

Indicating limitations:

1. Due to practical constraints, this paper cannot provide a comprehensive review of ….

2. It is beyond the scope of this study to examine the ….

3. The reader should bear in mind that the study is based on ….

4. Another potential problem is that the scope of my thesis may be too broad.

5. A full discussion of X lies beyond the scope of this study.

十二、如何阐述对该主题产生研究兴趣的原因

Giving reasons for personal Interest:

1. My main reason for choosing this topic is personal interest.

2. I became interested in Xs after reading many of those articles in the national press which quoted evidence, often anecdotal, of ….

3. This project was conceived during my time working for X. As a medical advisor I witnessed ….

十三、如何简要阐释论文结构

Outlining the structure:

1. The overall structure of the study takes the form of six chapters, including this introductory chapter.

2. My thesis is composed of four themed chapters.

3. Chapter Two begins by laying out the theoretical dimensions of the research and looks at how ….

4. The third chapter is concerned with the methodology used for this study.

5. The fourth section presents the findings of the research, focusing on the three key themes that have been identified in analysis.

6. Chapter 6 analyses the results of interviews and focus group discussions undertaken during the course of this research, ….

7. The final chapter draws upon the entire thesis, tying up the various theoretical and empirical strands in order to ….

8. Finally, the conclusion gives a brief summary and critique of the findings,

…. and includes a discussion of the implication of the findings to future research into this area.

9. …. Finally, areas for further research are identified.

十四、如何解释关键词组

Explaining key terms:

1. While a variety of definitions of the term X have been suggested, this dissertation will use the definition first suggested by Smith (1968) who saw it as ….

2. Throughout this paper the term X will refer to/will be used to refer to ….

3. In this dissertation the acronym/abbreviation XYZ will be used.

4. According to …. (2000) X can be defined as follows;” X is one of ….”

5. The term X is a relatively new name for … commonly referred to as ….

6. This definition is close to that of Smith (2009) who defined X as ….